What is a cornea transplant?

A cornea transplant, also known as corneal grafting or keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea. The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye, responsible for focusing light into the eye. When the cornea is damaged due to injury, infection, or disease, it can lead to vision problems or loss of vision. Cornea transplants are typically performed to restore vision, reduce pain, and improve the appearance of the eye.

There are different types of cornea transplants, including penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and endothelial keratoplasty (EK). In a PK, the entire thickness of the cornea is replaced with a donor cornea. DALK involves replacing the front and middle layers of the cornea, leaving the endothelial layer intact. EK procedures target specific layers of the cornea, such as Descemet’s membrane and endothelium, for transplantation.

The success of a cornea transplant depends on various factors, including the underlying condition of the recipient’s eye, the skill of the surgeon, and the quality of the donor cornea. After the surgery, patients are typically prescribed medications to prevent infection and rejection of the donor cornea. It is essential for patients to follow post-operative care instructions diligently to optimize the outcomes of the transplant.

In conclusion, a cornea transplant is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea to improve vision and alleviate symptoms. The procedure can vary in complexity and technique, with different types of cornea transplants available to address specific corneal conditions. Post-operative care and adherence to medication regimens are crucial for the success of the transplant.